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2014高考英语主谓一致,英语高考主谓一致题目

tamoadmin 2024-06-11 人已围观

简介1.英语问题 关于主谓一致2.同等学力英语备考:主谓一致3.英语语法里主谓一致的问题4.高中英语语法解题秘诀正文的第一行: 1.far去掉(因为far已经被 350 miles代替了)第二行: 2.movemoved(由last week可知,谓动应用过去式)第二行:3.otheranother(这儿是指"另一个,又一个",应该用another;而other指的是"别的,其他的")第三行:4.cl

1.英语问题 关于主谓一致

2.同等学力英语备考:主谓一致

3.英语语法里主谓一致的问题

4.高中英语语法解题秘诀

2014高考英语主谓一致,英语高考主谓一致题目

正文的

第一行: 1.far去掉(因为far已经被 350 miles代替了)

第二行: 2.move→moved(由last week可知,谓动应用过去式)

第二行:3.other→another(这儿是指"另一个,又一个",应该用another;而other指的是"别的,其他的")

第三行:4.classmate→classmates(同学不止一个,故用复数)

第三行:5.or→and(这儿表示的是并列关系,而不是选择关系,故用and)

第四行:6.bad→worse(to make matters worse是固定短语,"更糟糕的是")

第四行:7.在first前加上my/the(指"我"上学的第一天,或开学的第一天,故必须在first前加上my或the)

第五行:8.tiring→tired(指人"感到累的"用tired;而tiring指物"累人的,令人劳累的")

第五行:9.sleep→asleep(形容词作表语,fall asleep入睡,睡着)

是后一行:10.is→are (因为 you, dear diary, is my only souvenir .... friend是作remember 的宾语从句,其主语是you;而dear diary是you的同位语;my only souvenir是表语. 语法规则中,只要求"主谓一致" , 不要求"同谓一致"或"表谓一致".因此,此句的be动词应跟主语you相一致,用are.)

英语问题 关于主谓一致

一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配: 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。

一、语法一致

主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式。例如:

He often helps me learn English.  (主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式)。

My friends often help me learn English.  (主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)

但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单,有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待:

1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。

例如:Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。

What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。

2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。

例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。

Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣。

3、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。

例如:One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。

4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。

例如:The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400.

A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。

5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数。

例如:On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边,有些人在打排球。

Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。

A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。

6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of, three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。

例如:A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱。

A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。

二、意义一致

这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。

1)当主语后面接由but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语。

例如:The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。

The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。

我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语:The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

2)表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:

Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. 二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。

3)形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。

例如:The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。

The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。

4)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。

但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

如:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有:army, class, club, crowd, family, , group, people, police, public, team等。

例如:The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。

The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞。

6)一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如:Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的。

但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数。

如:This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.

三、就近原则

这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …等。

例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事。

同等学力英语备考:主谓一致

主谓一致

在英语句子中谓语动词在人称和数上要跟主语保持一致。主谓一致关系应遵循三项原则:语法形式上一致、语言意义上一致和就近一致原则。

一、语法形式上一致原则

语法形式上一致是指主语和谓语动词必须在语法形式上保持一致关系,也就是说:主语是单数时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词应该用复数形式。如:

Kate likes watching TV.凯特喜欢看电视。

除上述基本的语法形式一致外,还必须掌握如下几种情况:

1. 代词each, another, the other, either, someone, somebody, every?鄄one, everybody, anyone, anybody, something, anything, nothing, no one等作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:

No one knows that fact.没有人知道那个事实真相。

Someone is asking for you.有人在找你。

2. “each / every+单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.每位学生都有一本英汉词典。

3. “one of +代词/复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但是“one of + 代词/复数名词”后跟有定语从句时,从句的谓语动词用复数形式;而“the one / the only one of +代词/复数名词”后跟有定语从句时,从句的谓语动词却要用单数形式。如:

John is one of the students who have passed the test.约翰是这些已通过这次考试中的一个。

He is the only one of the boys who hasn’t been to Beijing.他是这些男孩中唯一一个没去过北京的。

4. 主语后面跟有with, as well as, like, together with, including, but, except, rather than, besides等起连接作用的词带有他们的单、复数名词时,其谓语动词应与主语的人称、数相一致。如:

Mary, as well as her parents, is in China now.玛丽以及她的父母在中国。

5. 非谓语动词(动名词、不定式)作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:

To learn English well is not easy.学好英语并不容易。

6. 名词性从句以及“疑问代词/副词+不定式”作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:

When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown. 在何时何地召开这次会议尚不清楚。

7. “one and a half+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词第三人称单数形式。如:

One and a half years has passed.一年半的时间已过去了。

8. “more than one +单数名词”,尽管意义上表示“许多”,但其谓语动词也用单数形式。如:

More than one person has had the idea.不止一个人想出了这个主意。

9. 数词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;表示“加减乘除”时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如:

Nine is an odd number. 9是奇数。

10. and连接两个或两个以上的并列名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Both Li Lei and Li Hua are League members.李雷和李华都是共青团员。

11. both, all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

All his friends have come.他所有的朋友都来了。

12. 在倒装句中,谓语动词应根据后面的主语在人称、数上保持一致。如:

Here comes a bus.一辆公共汽车来了。

二、语言意义上一致原则

语言意义上的主谓语一致原则是指从意义上着眼来处理主谓语一致关系。当主语在形式上是单数,意义上是复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式;当主语在形式上是复数而意义上是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式。意义一致性原则包括如下几点:

1. 集体名词作主语时如:family,

team, class, public, group等,如果作为一个单位(整体)看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作为整体中的各个成员看待时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Our class is on the second floor, and our class work hard. 我们班在二楼,我们全班同学学习都很努力。

2. 表示总称意义的名词作主语时如:people, clothes, police等,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

The cattle are eating grass on the hillside over there.牛儿正在那边的山坡吃草。

3. maths (mathematics), physics, politics, news, works(工厂)等名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Physics is interesting to learn. 物理学起来很有趣。

4. “分数 + of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但“分数 + of +不可数名词/单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

2/3 of the workers are from Japan.三分之二的工人来自于日本。

1/4 of my homework has been finished.我已完成功课的四分之一。

5. 由复数名词构成的国名、书刊、作品的名称作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

The United Nations was formed in 1945.联合国成立于1945年。

6. 表示“金钱、时间、距离、重量”等名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Ten days is enough. 十天足够了。

7. “the + 形容词(或由分词演变而来的形容词)”作主语,表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数形式;若指具体的某个人时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

The wounded are still in hospi?鄄tal. 伤员们仍在住院。

8. “the rest / part / half / most /all of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式;若“the rest / part / half / most / all of +不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

The rest of these apples have been sent to Mr. Green.其余的苹果已送给格林先生。

The rest of the housework is usually done by me.剩下的家务事常由我做。

9. all作主语,如果指代人或可数名词含有复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指代抽象性事物时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

All are here. 大家都在这儿。

All is going on well.一切进展顺利。

10. “none of +不可数名词”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式,“none of + 代词/复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如:

None of us knows/know how to work out the problem.我们无人知道该怎样解决这个问题。

11. trousers, shoes, boots, glass?鄄es(眼镜),socks, gloves等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;若这些名词被this / a pair of修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

Her trousers are black. 她的裤子是黑色的。

This pair of trousers doesn’t fit me.这条裤子我穿不合适。

12. “a number of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式;“the number of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

There are a large number of workers in the factory, who are from America. 这家工厂有许多工人,他们来自美国。

The number of the students in the college is 30,000.这所大学的学生数是三万。

13. and连接两个并列名词作主语,指同一个人或同一件物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。and连接若干个被no, each, every, many a 修饰的单数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

The director and actor has come here.这位导演兼演员已来这儿了。

14. Chinese, Japanese, deer,

sheep, means等单、复数同形的名词作主语时,它们自身在句中的内容决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。如:

Chinese is one of the eight subjects we must study at school.汉语是我们在校必学的八门学科之一。

三、就近原则

所谓就近原则,是指谓语动词应与它最靠近的那个主语的单、复数形式相一致。

由“or, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but ..., not only ... but also”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词应与最靠近它的那个主语的单、复数形式相一致。如:

Either you or I am going there.要么你,要么我将去那儿。

我给你个网址吧 主谓一致讲解的下载

英语语法里主谓一致的问题

一、总述

主谓一致(subject-verb agreement )指谓语动词须在人称和数方面与主语保持一致。主语和谓语动词在人称方面的一致比较简单,因为除了动词be 和have 有不同的人称形式外,其他动词只有单数第三人称现在时在其词尾加-s/-es,其余的人称在动词上并无特殊标记。主语和谓语动词之间的数的一致比较复杂,是一致关系中的难点,也是考试中的侧重点。在处理主谓一致关系时,通常遵循以下三个原则:

 1. 语法一致原则(principle of grammatical agreement)

 谓语动词与主语必须在语法形式上取得一致,即:主单,谓单;主复,谓复。

 2. 概念一致原则(principle of notional agreement)

 谓语动词的单数或复数的形式取决于主语所表示的概念而不是主语的语法形式。

 3. 就近原则(principle of proximity)

 谓语动词在人称和数的形式上和主语中最靠近的语词取得一致。

 二、重要考点

 1. 集体名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

 如集体名词在句中意指整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如在句中意指其具体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。这类集体名词包括:army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band 等。例如:

 The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

 One third of the population here are farmers. T

 he public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.

 The public now know the whole story.

 2. 学科名称和疾病名称作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

 某些学科名称和疾病名称虽词尾加s 的形式,但这些词作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。这些词包括:electronics (电子学),mechanics (力学),classics(古典文学), linguistics (语言学),economics (经济学),statistics (统计学),physics (物理学),mathematics (数学)等。例如:

 Electronics is a piece of cake to him.

 Quantum mechanics (量子力学)supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms.

 3. 表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

 表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词(或词组)作主语时,如只指一种、一本或一个,不论它形式是单数还是复数,谓语动词只用单数形式。例如:

 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American humorist Mark Twain.

 The New York Times is not available here.

 The United States was founded in 1776.

4. 单复数同形的名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

单复数同形的名词作主语时,要根据句子意思来确定谓语动词的单复数形式,单复数同形的名词包括:aircraft, deer, fish, sheep, means, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters 等。例如:

 Various means of transport are introduced in this article.

 There are already 137 species of butterflies known in the world today.

 5. 表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

 这些复数名词,如表示抽象概念,被视作一整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示具体的多少,强调复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

 Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you.

 Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.

 The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.

 6. 由with、as well as 等词或词组修饰的单数名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

 如作主语的单数名词后有下列词或词组修饰时,谓语动词仍用单数形式:with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but 等。例如:

 The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.

 A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to help solve that problem.

 The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame.

 7. and 连接的两个名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

 一般情况下,and 连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但有些情况下,and 连接的两个名词意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。通常,如果两个名词只有一个限定词或无限定词修饰时,它们常常表示一个概念,如果两个名词分别有两个限定词修饰时,它们往往表示两个不同的概念。另外,如果and 连接的两个单数名词均有each 、every 、many a 、no 等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

 War and peace is a constant theme in history.

 The wear and tear on the machine is obvious.

 The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.

 Every hour and every minute is vital to me now.

 Many a boy and many a girl has been to the exhibition.

 8. 连词or 等连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致

 连词or、either…or… 、neither…nor… 、not only… but also… 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词必须和靠它较近的一个名词或代词取得一致,这就是就近一致原则。例如:

 Either I or they are responsible for it.

 Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.

 Not only he but also his family members are interested in football match.

 9. none 本身作主语时或它修饰的名词或代词作主语时,如代表不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,如代表可数名词,谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。

 10. one and a half 后接的名词应是复数形式,但谓语动词用单数形式。如:

 One and a half years has passed.

 11. more than one 后接单数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但如果more than one 本身作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。

 12. either、neither 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 13. one or two 后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

 14. one of 后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 15. 动词不定式、动名词短语、名词性从句等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

 Seeing is believing. To hesitate means failure.

高中英语语法解题秘诀

非谓语动词的主谓一致

在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。

1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:

(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被状语修饰:

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:

He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)

He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)

We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)

Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)

(4)都可以有逻辑主语

They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)

The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)

We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)

We being League member, the work was well done.

(现在分词的逻辑主语)

2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:

(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。

(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:

二、非谓语动词用法:

(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)

否定式:not + (to) do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,

例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

(2)作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作宾语:

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

(4)作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

(5)作定语:

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:

①动宾关系:

I have a meeting to attend.

注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:

Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

②说明所修饰名词的内容:

We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

He is the first to get here.

(6)作状语:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:

wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

right:To save money, he has tried every means.

wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表结果:

He arrived late to find the train gone.

常用only放在不定式前表示强调:

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因:

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度:

It's too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

(7)作独立成分:

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

(二)动名词:

动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式:

否定式:not + 动名词

(1)一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2)被动式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

(3)完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部**。

(4)完成被动式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

(5)否定式:not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2.动名词的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2)作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3)作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

(4)作定语:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?

(5)作同位语:

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

(三)现在分词:

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1、现在分词的形式:

否定式:not + 现在分词

(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成

式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。

(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动

词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2.现在分词的句法功能:

(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语

放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)现在分词作表语:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的**很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

(3)作宾语补足语:

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

(4)现在分词作状语:

①作时间状语:

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语:

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语,表示伴随:

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。

④作条件状语:

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语:

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语:

He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

⑦作让步状语:

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑨作独立成分:

udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

从外表看,他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。

(四)过去分词:

过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能:

1.过去分词作定语:

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2.过去分词作表语:

The window is broken. 窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:

The window is broken.(系表)

The window was broken by the boy.(被动)

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:

boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)

newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)

the changed world(变了的世界)

这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语:

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。

4.过去分词作状语:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞

高中英语是教育教学的重要课程,在高考中占据着非常重要的比重,是大分值科目之一。下面是我给大家整理的,供大家参阅!

 

 语法填空的考查范围:

 1. 语境 上下文;

 2. 语法:

动词时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、

 情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高阶及构词法、倒装等。

 语法填空的能力要求:

 1. 阅读/理解语篇的能力

 3. 熟练运用语法的能力

 2. 分析句子结构的能力 4. 单词拼写能力 型别 简单句: 并列句 复合句 五种基本句转折 因果 联合 选择 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 形容词性从句: 定语从句 时间,地点 原因,目的 状语从句 结果,条件方式,让步

 注意事项

 1. 动词注意时态,主被动,非谓语等善于联络上下文,一些词的时态和语态等形式可以由此推出。

 2. 留意句号、逗号,如空前是逗号,则考查非限制性的定语从句或插入语的机会极大。

 3. 注意长句中短语的前后响应。

 eg: Students must devote as much of their time as possible, at and after school,

 college entrance exams. to

 4. 填名词时要特别注意要不要复数。可以看后面谓语动词是什么形式,也可以看前面有无one of.

 5. 有些空的答案需看完下文才能确定。 eg: A new study from Finland shows pet owners tend to be heavier, active and in poorer health than people without a pet, which was __released in PLOS ONE?

 07汕头一模此空less与more都可填,但看完下文就知只能填less。

 6. 填词的适当形式有时会要求填反义词。 eg: Many people in the USA think that doctors are overpaid. Most doctors, agree however.. 此空应填disagree。由于句中的“however” 可以看出该句与上句是相反的, 故用agree的反义词。

 7. 一空有可能是2-3词,而出现这种情况通常是固定结构。如to+动词原形,be+-ed分词表被动,或适当的时态,如have been doing等。

 8. 有些可能令人觉得不用填句子也通,这时要特别留意有没有可能是下列这些情况: 反身代词;do/did/does作强调时的使用;that作主表从句的引导词。

 9. 句首设空,以“ ”的形式出现,立即想起这些词:however, therefore, besides,otherwise。

 10. 在高考评分标准原则上,能用一个词的就尽量用一个词。

 

 一、语法填空“新”在哪里

 1.语法填空是2014年英语高考中的新题型,共10个小题,每小题1.5分,满分仍为15分,难度却大大加大。

 2.语法填空题旨在考查大家在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语言知识的掌握情况,着重考查综合运用语言的能力。这样,我们在平时准备的时候就要花更多的功夫。除了熟记、熟练语法、单词,还应该多做阅读题,在掌握基础知识的基础上,提升运用语言知识的能力。

 3.语法填空主要有短文和对话两种形式,短文略简单,但参考其他省份的高考命题情况,以短文形式为多。文章长度在200词左右,命题形式主要有纯空格形式和提供单词原形两种形式。就语法点而言,实词 具有实际意义,能够充任主语、宾语或谓语的词以考查动词、代词、形容词、副词为主,而动词又是重中之重;虚词以介词、冠词、连词、代词为主;句法则以复合句定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的引导词 为主。

 二、解题步骤

 1.通读全文,了解大意,为下一步填空做好准备。

 2.试填空格,先易后难,这是解题的关键。要结 合短文所提供的特定的语境也就是上下文,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。

 3.重读全文,解决难题,检查答案。所有空格填好后,要把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍,检查单词拼写,大小写,词的单复数等是否正确。

 三、解题技巧

 一纯空格试题

 首先分析句子结构,确定填哪类词;再根据句子意思,确定具体填什么词或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。

 注:句子的基本结构:

 主语 + 谓语动词+ 宾语

 主语 + 系动词+ 表语

 He likes football.

 She is beautiful.

 1、缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词多考代词

 I can send a message to Lily whenever I want, and __it___gets there almost in a second.

 解析:横线后的词get是动词,作谓语,横线上的词为主语,则应填入名词或是代词,而此句译为:我可以在任意时间给Lily资讯,而且它立刻就可以送到她那儿了。因而应该填入代词it代替message。

 2、名词前是空格,且该名词前无限定词,如:冠词a/an/the,形容词性物主代词his/her/your/my等,名词所有格人称’s,基数词one等,序数词the first等,量词a pair of 等或不定代词some, any, others, another等,则很可能是填限定词。

 It is said that a short-tempered man in Song Dynasty960-1279 was very anxious to help__his___ rice crop grow up quickly.

 解析:rice米饭,是一个名词,前面没有限定词,而此句译为据说宋朝有一个急性子的人,他想让他的水稻长快点。因此,应填入形容词性的物主代词his.

 3. 名词或代词前面是空格,句中本身已经有主语、表语、宾语,说明该名词或代词不作句子的主语、宾语、表语,则应填入介词。 ---who should have the honor of receiving me__as___a guest in their house.

 解析:空格位于名词a guest 前面,a guest不作句子的主语、宾语、表语,而句子译为:谁有荣幸让我能作为客人到他家去呢?因此,填入介词as表示作为。

 4.若两个或几个单词、短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词and等 Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma, __and__ a sum of money. 解析:gold medal金牌,diploma证书,a sum of money一大笔钱, 都是名词,因此应该填入连词and.

 5. 若两句一个主谓关系算一个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词before, when, but等

 I wanted to visit my grandpa__before__ I went to Beijing.

 解析:I want to visit my grandpa, I went to Beijing是两个句子,句中无分号或句号,而句子译为:我想在去北京之前看看我的爷爷,因此填入before.

 6. 若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不致时,很可能是填情态动词can, should等 或表示强调、倒装的助动词do, does, did.

 To their credit, the four countries __do__work together in some areas. 解析:work为动词原形,此句主谓宾不缺,结构较为完整,翻译为:值得赞扬的是这几个国家确实在一些领域合作了。因此填入do表示强调。

 7. 由特殊句式来判断空格处应填入的词。如:it iswas---that强调句,倒装句it作形式主语、宾语等。

 __It__ is important for us students to study hard at school.

 二给出了动词的题

 首先判断要填的词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后按以下两点进行思考。

 1.若句子中除了所给出的动词外没有别的动词,则该动词在剧中充当谓语动词,涉及时态尤其要注意主语是第三人称单数时的变化和语态 被动语态be+done的变化.

 In London, three people __were taken__taketo a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic.

 解析:three people ____taketo a hospital句中,有且仅有一个动词take, 说明它在句中作谓语,为谓语动词,有时太语态变化,而句子译为:在伦敦三个人被送到医院治疗,而其他人都在当地的诊所。Three people是被送到医院,存在被动,因此填入were taken。

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 2.若句中已有谓语动词除了所给动词外还有别的动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词, 就要确定用V-ing形式表示主动和进行、V-ed形式表示被动和完成,还是用不定式形式todo表示目的和将来。

 __Toplete__ plete the project on time, we will have to work two more hours.

 解析:we will have to work two more hours句中已有谓语will have to work,因此plete为非谓语,而句子译为:为了准时完成计划,我们不得不多工作两个小时。填入To plete表示目的。

 三词类转换试题

 根据该词在句子所作的句子成分确定用哪种形式。

 1.作表语,定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。

 be+ adj 作表语; 定语相当于一个adj,放在名词前

 The youth immediately felt _silent___silence as tears flew down his big blue eyes.

 解析:feel是系动词,常接adj作表语,silence的名词形式是silent安静的。

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 2.所给的词作句子的主语、及物动词或是介词之后的宾语,用名词形式。

 These people have made a great _contribution___contribute to China with their work.

 解析:These people作句子主语,have made作谓语,则a great ____ 应该做宾语,填入contribute的名词形式contribution

 3.在冠词、形容词性物主代词后,或“冠词+形容词”后,用名词形式 With the large numbers of students , the __ operation __operate of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

 解析:the 是冠词,后面应该跟operate的名词形式operation, 句子译为:因为学生数量太多,这个系统的执行还需要大量的实践。

 4.用副词形式修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语 As I looked _closely___ close at this girl, I found that—

 解析:look动词作状语,用副词closely

 5.有的时候会不必改变词类,而要求通过加上字首im/ un-等,字尾-less等,填入括号中所给词的反义词。

 Your mistake caused a lot of __unnecessary_necessarywork in the office.

 解析:work 名词,前面应该是用形容词作定语,而此句译为:你的错误给办公室带来了很多不必要的错误。因此通过加上字首un-,填入necessary的反义词unnecessary不必要的

 注意:有时,括号中所给词是动词,但不一定就考查谓语动词或非谓语动词,也有可能是考查词类转换。特别注意,如果括号中所给的词是形容词,所考察内容不外乎其反义词,副词,比较级和词类转换。

文章标签: # 动词 # 谓语 # 主语